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Glinda, the Good Witch's Notes

"The witch was in reality the profoundest thinker..."

Jillian Hess's avatar
Jillian Hess
Nov 24, 2025
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The magic behind The Wonderful Wizard of Oz belonged not to the land of Oz, but to L. Frank Baum’s mother-in-law, Matilda Joslyn Gage—a radical suffragist, abolitionist, and intellectual.

Gage’s (1826-1889) fingerprints are all over Oz: She encouraged Baum (1856-1919) to write for children and suggested the now-famous cyclone that transports Dorothy. Mo…

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